Some Opportunities in Dynamic Extended Range Forecasting Eugenia Kalnay, Ming Cai, and Malaquias Pena University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742

Time series of Error and Coupling Index

Coupling Index (CI) is the forcing direction (given by the dynamical rule) averaged over a given area.

CI = 1 means all gridpoints in the given area experience ocean-driving anomalies.

CI = 0 means either no anomalies or ocean-driving cases cancel with atmosphere-driving cases.

CI = -1 means all gridpoints in the given area experience atmosphere-driving anomalies.

CI is obtained from the Reanalysis data.

NE Pacific