AMPLITUDE
(% of
climate variance)
1%
10%
100%
1hour
1 day
1 week
BAROCLINIC (WEATHER) MODES
CONVECTIVE MODES
ANALYSIS ERRORS
In coupled
systems nonlinear saturation allows filtering unwanted
fast, small amplitude, growing instabilities like convection (Toth
and Kalnay, 1993)
“weather +
convection” coupled model