Results from Lorenz coupled models
•Coupling a fast and a slow Lorenz model, we can do breeding of the slow modes
•Valid for other nonlinear approaches (e.g., EnKF) but not of linear approaches (e.g., LVs and SVs) which are dominated by the fastest component
•Can be applied to the ENSO coupled instabilities (Cai, Kalnay and Toth, 2002, for the Zebiak-Cane model)
•We have also had promising results with the NASA NSIPP coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM (Yang, Cai and Kalnay, 2003)