Konstantin Vinnikov

Department of Meteorology Phone: (301) 405-5382

University of Maryland Fax: (301) 314-9482

College Park, Maryland 20742 E-mail: kostya@atmos.umd.edu

WWW: http://www.meto.umd.edu/~kostya

EDUCATION:

M.S. in Meteorology, 1961 Leningrad Hydrometeorological Institute

Thesis: "Heat Balance of the Atmosphere: Southern Hemisphere"

Advisor: M. I. Budyko

Ph.D. in Meteorology, 1966 Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory, Leningrad

Thesis: "Energy Budget of the EarthAtmosphere System"

Doctor of Sciences [equivalent to American Full Professor], 1983

Higher Certifying Commission of the Council of Ministers of the USSR

Thesis: "Investigation of PresentDay Climatic Changes"

EXPERIENCE:

Senior Research Scientist, Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland, September 1993-present.

Chairman of the Council of Fellows, Joint Center for Earth System Science (JCESS), Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA and University of Maryland. September 1994-August 1995.

Visiting Senior Research Scientist, Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, August 1991-August 1993. (Host: Prof. Syukuro Manabe.)

Head of the Research Laboratory on Modern Climate and Water Resources Changes, Climate Change Department, State Hydrological Institute (Leningrad, Russia), 1975-1991. (Supervisor: Prof. M. I. Budyko).

Senior Research Scientist, Physical Climatology Department, (1968-1975); Research Scientist, Dynamic Meteorology Department, (1961-1968); Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory (Leningrad, Russia) 1961-1975.

PH.D. STUDENTS SUPERVISED: Pavel Ya. Groisman, Natalia P. Kovyneva, Irina V. Trofimova, Natalia A. Lemeshko, Irina B. Yeserkepova, John I. Antonov, C. Adam Schlosser (with Alan Robock.)

MEMBERSHIP IN PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES:

• American Meteorological Society
• American Geophysical Union

MEMBERSHIP ON NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PANELS:

• Working Group 1 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 1988-present. (Contributor and lead author of the IPCC-1990 and 1992 reports.)
• Working Group VIII, "Influence of Environmental Changes on Climate," US-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in Environmental Protection, 1979-present. (Leader on the Soviet side of Project 02.0811, "Climate Changes," 1988-1990.)
• International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Science Panel, 1997- present.
• Land Surface Working Group, Climate System Model, NCAR, 1997 - present.

PUBLICATIONS

Refereed articles:

1. Vinnikov K. Ya., 1965: Outgoing longwave radiation of the earthatmosphere system. Proceedings of the Main Geophysical Observatory, 168, p.123140. (in Russian).
2. Vinnikov K. Ya., 1965: Albedo of the Earthatmosphere system and outgoing short-wave radiation. Proceedings of the Main Geophysical Observatory, 170, p.207213. (in Russian).
3. Vinnikov K. Ya., 1965: New estimate of the heat budget of the earthatmosphere system. Meteorology and Hydrology, 8, p.3237. (in Russian).
4. Vinnikov K. Ya., 1967: On the objective analysis of the radiation fields. Proceedings of the Main Geophysical Observatory, 208, p.8895. (in Russian).
5. Vinnikov K. Ya., 1968: Interpretation of the results of measuring outgoing longwave radiation by using satellite wide angle radiometers. Proceedings of the Main Geophysical Observatory, 228, p.137153. (in Russian).
6. Vinnikov K. Ya., 1969: The Energy budget of the atmosphere and earthatmosphere system. In: "Met. Dienst. d. DDR. 75 Jahre Meteorologisches Observatorium Potsdam 18921967. p. 4153, (in Russian).
7. Vinnikov K. Ya., 1970: Some problems of radiation stations network planning. Meteorology and Hydrology, 10, p. 9096, (in Russian).
8. Vinnikov K. Ya., and M. D. Dvorkina, 1971: The accuracy estimates of optimum interpolation of global radiation measurements from the world radiation network. Proceedings of the Main Geophysical Observatory, 287, p.3541, (in Russian).
9. Vinnikov K. Ya., and O. N. Vishnyakova, 1973: Estimation of the radiation budget by using satellite wide angle radiometer. Proceedings of the Main Geophysical Observatory, 307, p. 2028. (in Russian).
10. Vinnikov K. Ya., N. K. Grib and I. I. Polyak, 1973: The method of calculation of correlation and spectral functions of time series. Proceedings of the Main Geophysical Observatory, 308, p. 2746. (in Russian).
11. Budyko M. I., and K. Ya. Vinnikov, 1973: Recent climatic changes. Meteorology and Hydrology, 9, p. 313. (in Russian).
12. Vinnikov K. Ya., and M. D. Dvorkina, 1974: Using the sunshine duration data in the objective analysis of the total solar radiation fields. Proceedings of the Main Geophysical Observatory, 307, p.7179, (in Russian).
13. Vinnikov K. Ya., 1974: Mean limb darkening of longwave outgoing radiation and the estimation of outgoing radiation fluxes from satellite measurements. Proceedings of the Main Geophysical Observatory, 307, p. 2935. (in Russian).
14. Borzenkova I. I., and K. Ya. Vinnikov, 1975: Spatial and temporal variability of mean latitudinal monthly mean air temperature in the Northern Hemisphere. . Proceedings of the Main Geophysical Observatory, 364, p. 163177, (in Russian).
15. Vinnikov K. Ya., 1976: Spectrum of the timespatial fluctuations of mean latitudinal monthly air temperature in the Northern Hemisphere over 18811969. Proceedings of the Main Geophysical Observatory, 374, p.120. (in Russian).
16. Budyko M. I., and K. Ya. Vinnikov, 1976: The Global Warming. Soviet Meteorology and Hydrology, 7, p.1220.
17. Borzenkova I. I., K. Ya. Vinnikov, L. P. Spirina, and D. I. Stechnovsky. 1976: Variation of Northern Hemisphere air temperature from 1981 to 1975. Soviet Meteorology and Hydrology, 7, p.2126.
18. Karol I. L., I. I. Polyak, and K. Ya. Vinnikov, 1976: Statistically Correct Determination of LongPeriod Trends Geophysical Data Series. Pageoph. Vol. 114, p. 965974.
19. Borzenkova I. I., and K. Ya. Vinnikov, 1977: A problem of documentation the global climatic changes. Proceedings of the Main Geophysical Observatory, 247, p.1325. (in Russian).
20. Borzenkova I. I., K. Ya. Vinnikov, and V. G. Yanuta, 1977: The influence of spatial averaging on the spectrum of month precipitation time series. Proceedings of the Main Geophysical Observatory, 247, p.99106, (in Russian).
21. Budyko M. I., K. Ya. Vinnikov, O. A. Drozdov, and N. A. Yefimova, 1978: Impending Climatic Change. Izv. Acad. Sci., USSR, Ser. Geogr., No.6, p. 52O. (in Russian). English translation: 1979: Soviet Geography, vol. XX, No. 7, p. 395411.
22. Vinnikov K. Ya., and P. Ya. Groisman, 1979: Empirical model of modern climatic changes. Soviet Meteorology and Hydrology, 3, p. 1827.
23. Vinnikov K. Ya., G. V. Gruza, V. F. Zakharov, A. A. Kirillov, N. P. Kovyneva, and E. Ya. Rankova, 1980: Current climatic changes of the climate in the Northern Hemisphere. Soviet Meteorology and Hydrology, 6, p. 110.
24. Beeva I. M., and K. Ya. Vinnikov, 1981: On the dependence of longwave outgoing radiation of the earthatmosphere system on temperature and cloudiness. Proceedings of the State Hydrological Institute, 271, p. 7781. (in Russian).
25. Vinnikov K. Ya., and N. P. Kovyneva, 1981: Presentday changes of the thermal regime of the Northern Hemisphere. Proceedings of the State Hydrological Institute, 271, p. 1124 (in Russian).
26. Vinnikov K. Ya., and P. Ya. Groisman, 1981: An empirical analysis of the influence of CO2 on contemporary variations in annual average surface air temperature in the Northern Hemisphere. Soviet Meteorology and Hydrology, 11, p. 2133.
27. Vinnikov K. Ya., and P. Ya. Groisman, 1982: Empirical study of climate sensitivity. Izvestiya Academy of Science, USSR. Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Vol. 18, 11, p. 895902.
28. Vinnikov K. Ya., and K. M. Lugina, 1982: Problems in monitoring the global thermal conditions in the Northern Hemisphere. Soviet Meteorology and Hydrology, 11, p. 19.
29. Budyko M. I., K. Ya. Vinnikov, and N. I. Yefimova, 1983: Dependence of air temperature and precipitation on the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Soviet Meteorology and Hydrology, 4, p. 18.
30. Vinnikov K. Ya., and N. P. Kovyneva, 1983: The distribution of climatic changes in global warming. Soviet Meteorology and Hydrology, 5, p. 512.
31. Beeva I. M., and K. Ya. Vinnikov, 1983: Parameterization of the seasonal bound of polar sea ice and the continental snow cover for the zonal climate models. Proceedings of the State Hydrological Institute, 280, p.2941, (in Russian).
32. Budyko M. I. and K. Ya. Vinnikov, 1983: Detecting manmade changes in the global climate. Soviet Meteorology and Hydrology, 9, p. 918.
33. Budyko M. I., and K. Ya. Vinnikov, 1986: Twentyfive years of investigation of anthropogenic climate change. Meteorology and Hydrology, 10, p. 517 (in Russian).
34. Budyko M. I., E. K. Byutner, and K. Ya. Vinnikov, 1986: Detection of anthropogenic climate changes. Soviet Meteorology and Hydrology, 12, p. 111.
35. Vinnikov K. Ya., P. Ya. Groisman, K. M. Lugina, and A. A. Golubev, 1987: Mean air temperature variations of the Northern Hemisphere for 18411985. Soviet Meteorology and Hydrology, 1, p. 3745.
36. Vinnikov K. Ya., and N. A. Lemeshko, 1987: Soil moisture content and runoff in the USSR during global warming. Soviet Meteorology and Hydrology, 12, p. 7985.
37. Vinnikov K. Ya., and I. B. Yeserkepova, 1989: Empirical data and results of modeling the soil moisture regime. Soviet Meteorology and Hydrology, 11, p. 4855.
38. Vinnikov K. Ya., N. A. Lemeshko, and N. A. Speranskaya, 1990: Soil moisture content and runoff of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere during global warming. Soviet Meteorology and Hydrology, 3, p. 15.
39. Vinnikov K. Ya., P. Ya. Groisman, and K. M. Lugina, 1990: Empirical data on contemporary climate change (temperature and precipitation). Journal of Climate, v. 3, p. 662677.
40. Vinnikov K. Ya. and I. B. Yeserkepova, 1991: Soil moisture: Empirical data and model results. Journal of Climate, v. 4, p. 6679.
41. Stouffer R. J., S. Manabe and K. Ya. Vinnikov, 1994: Model assessment of the role of natural variability. Nature, 367, 634-636.
42. Robock, Alan, Konstantin Ya. Vinnikov, C. Adam Schlosser, Nina A. Speranskaya, and Yongkang Xue, 1995: Use of midlatitude soil moisture and meteorological observations to validate soil moisture simulations with biosphere and bucket models. J. Climate, 8, 15-35.
43. Vinnikov, Konstantin Y., Alan Robock, Nina A. Speranskaya, and C. Adam Schlosser, 1996: Scales of temporal and spatial variability of midlatitude soil moisture. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 7163-7174.
44. Vinnikov, Konstantin Ya., Alan Robock, Ronald J. Stouffer, and Syukuro Manabe, 1996: Vertical patterns of free and forced climate variations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1801-1804.
45. Yang, Zong-Liang, Robert E. Dickinson, Alan Robock and Konstantin Ya. Vinnikov, 1997: On validation of the snow sub-model of the Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme with Russian snow cover and meteorological observational data. J. Climate, 10, 353-373.
46. Robock, Alan, Konstantin Ya. Vinnikov, and C. Adam Schlosser, 1997: Reply (Evaluation of land-surface parameterization schemes using observations), J. Climate, 10, 377-379.
47. Schlosser, C. Adam, Alan Robock, Konstantin Ya. Vinnikov, Nina A. Speranskaya, and Yongkang Xue, 1997: 18-year land-surface hydrology model simulations for a midlatitude grassland catchment in Valdai, Russia. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 3279-3296.
48. Entin, Jared, Alan Robock, Konstantin Vinnikov, Vladimir Zabelin, Suxia Liu and A. Namkhai, 1988: Evaluation of Global Soil Wetness Simulations. Submitted to Special Issue of Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan.
49. Robock, Alan, C. Adam Schlosser, Konstantin Ya. Vinnikov, Nina A. Speranskaya, and Jared K. Entin, 1998: Evaluation of AMIP soil moisture simulations. Global and Planetary Change. In press.______________________________________________________________________
50. Liu, Suxia, Alan Robock, Jared K. Entin, Konstantin Ya. Vinnikov, and Gongbing Peng, 1998: Temporal and spatial variation of soil moisture in China. In preparation for submission to J. Climate.
51. Vinnikov, Konstantin Ya., Alan Robock, Shuang Qiu, Jared Entin, Manfred Owe, Steven Hollinger, Eni Njoku, 1998: Satellite remote sensing of soil moisture in Illinois, USA . In preparation for submission to J. Climate.
52. Vinnikov, Konstantin Ya., Alan Robock, 1998: Model assessment of the role of natural variability in observed global and regional climatic trends. In preparation for submission to J. Climate.

Refereed books, book chapters, brochures and atlases:

1. Vinnikov K. Ya., 1963: Heat budget of the atmosphere. In: Atlas of the Heat Budget of the Earth. Ed. M. I. Budyko. Moscow.
2. Budyko M. I., K. Ya. Vinnikov, L. S. Gandin, O. A. Drozdov, I. L. Karol, and Z. I. Pivovarova, 1974: Climate and impacts on the stratospheric aerosol layer. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 41 pp., (in Russian).
3. Vinnikov K. Ya., 1986: Chapter 8. An empirical assessment of volcanic eruption effects on climate. (8.1) Data on mean air temperature changes in the Northern Hemisphere. (8.2) An empirical analysis of volcanic eruption effects on mean air temperature. In: Volcanic stratospheric aerosol and earth's climate. Ed. S. S. Khmelevtsov, Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 167177, (in Russian).
4. Vinnikov K. Ya., 1986: Climate sensitivity. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 224 pp., (in Russian).
5. Vinnikov K. Ya., 1987: Climate sensitivity to changing atmospheric gas composition by presentday climate change data. Chapter 7 in Anthropogenic climatic changes, Eds. M. I. Budyko and Yu. A. Izrael, Gydrometeoizdat, 197233, (in Russian). English translation: 1990. Arizona University Press.
6. Vinnikov K. Ya., 1987: The hydrosphere effects of climate change. Chapter 9.3 in Anthropogenic climatic changes, Eds. M. I. Budyko and Yu. A. Izrael, Gydrometeoizdat, 283288, (in Russian). English translation: 1990. Arizona University Press.
7. Folland C. K., T. R. Karl, and K. Ya. Vinnikov, 1990: Observed climate variations and change, Chapter 7, Climate Change. The IPCC Scientific Assessment, J. T. Houghton, G. J. Jenkins, and J. J. Ephraums, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 195238.
8. Vinnikov K. Ya., 1990: Chapter 6. Studies of the anthropogenic change of global climate and the estimate of its consequences (Eastern Europe). In: Balances in the atmosphere and the energy problem. Proc. of the 59th Heraeus seminar in cooperation with the EPS Action Committee on Physics and Society. Ed: E.W.A. Lingeman. EPS, Geneva, 7193.
9. Vinnikov K. Ya., R. S. Bradley, T. R. Karl, and R. Etkins, 1990: Recent global climatic trends. In: Prospects for future climate: A special US/USSR report on climate and climate change. Eds: M. C. MacCracken, et al., Lewis Publishers, Inc., 3563.
10. Vinnikov K. Ya., 1992: The problem of soil moisture with global warming. In: The Regions and Global Warming: Impacts and Response Strategies. Ed. J. Schmandt. Oxford University Press, New York, 113131.
11. Folland C. K., T. R. Karl, N. Nicholls, B. S. Nyenzi, D. E. Parker, and K. Ya. Vinnikov, 1992: Observed climate variability and change. Chapter C. In: Climate Change 1992. Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment. Eds: J. T. Houghton, B. A. Callander and S. K. Varney. Cambridge University Press, 135170.

Other selected significant publications:

1. Vinnikov K. Ya. 1966: Investigation of the Energy Budget of the EarthAtmosphere System. Ph.D. Thesis. Main Geophysical Observatory, Leningrad, 169 pp. (in Russian).
2. Budyko M. I., and K. Ya. Vinnikov, 1977: Global Warming. In: Global Chemical Cycles and their Alterations by Man. Ed. W. Stumm, 189205. Berlin: Dahlem Konferenzen.
3. Vinnikov K. Ya. 1983: Investigation of PresentDay Climatic Change. Doctor of Science Thesis. Hydrometeorological Center, Moscow, 350 pp. (in Russian).
4. Budyko M. I., and K. Ya. Vinnikov, 1989: The influence of global climate changes on water resources and climatic effects on the hydrological cycle. IHP3 Project 6.3. Technical Documents in Hydrology. UNESCO. Paris.
5. Vinnikov K. Ya., 1991: Soil moisture content with global warming. In: GreenhouseGasInduced Climate Change: A Critical Appraisal of Simulations and Observations. Ed. M. E. Schlesinger. Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam, 261268.
6. Vinnikov K. Ya., P. Ya. Groisman, and K. M. Lugina, 1991: Temperature. Global and Hemispheric Anomalies. In: Trends '91. A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Eds.: T. A. Boden, R. J. Sepanski, and F. W. Stoss. Carbon Dioxide Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Publication No. ORNL/CDIAC46, 524-529.
7. Schlosser, Adam, Alan Robock, Konstantin Vinnikov, and Nina A. Speranskaya, 1992: Soil moisture simulations with a 15-cm bucket model - comparisons with ground truth. EOS Supplement, AGU 1992 Spring Meeting, 111.
8. Robock, Alan, Adam Schlosser, Konstantin Ya. Vinnikov, and Nina A. Speranskaya, 1992: Comparison of soil moisture simulations with SiB and with a 15-cm bucket model. EOS Supplement, AGU 1992 Spring Meeting, 111.
9. Vinnikov K. Ya., P. Ya. Groisman, and K. M. Lugina, 1994. Global and Hemispheric Temperature Anomalies from Instrumental Surface Air Temperature Records. In: T. A. Boden, D. P. Kaiser, R. J. Sepanski, and F. W. Stoss (eds.). TRENDS '93: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. ORNL/CDIAC-65. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge Tenn., USA, 29-41.
10. Robock, Alan, Konstantin Vinnikov, Jared Entin, and Nina A. Speranskaya, 1994: Soil moisture simulations for high latitudes compared to observations: improvements by considering water table and winter condensation effects. EOS Supplement, AGU 1994 Fall Meeting, 127.
11. Vinnikov, Konstantin, Alan Robock, and Nina A. Speranskaya, 1994: Midlatitude soil moisture: temporal and spatial statistical structure. EOS Supplement, AGU 1994 Fall Meeting, 106.
12. Robock, Alan, C. Adam Schlosser, Konstantin Ya. Vinnikov, Suxia Liu, and Nina A. Speranskaya, 1995: Validation of humidity, moisture fluxes, and soil moisture in GCMs: report of AMIP Diagnostic Subproject 11; Part 1 - soil moisture. Proceedings of the First International AMIP Scientific Conference, WCRP-92, WMO/TD-No. 732, W. L. Gates, Ed. (World Climate Research Programme, Geneva), 85-90.
13. Vinnikov, K. Ya., 1995: Global warming: How good are our instrumental records? In: A. Speranza, S. Tibaldi and R. Fantechi (eds.), Global Change. Proc. First Demetra Meeting. Office for Official Pub. of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 184-200.
14. Vinnikov, K. Ya., and A. Robock, 1996: Limits of Natural Variations in Global and Regional Climate as Compared to observed Climatic Trends. Suppl. to EOS, Transactions, AGU, Vol.77, No. 46, p. F27.
15. Robock, Alan, Konstantin Vinnikov, Jared Entin, C. Adam Schlosser, Vladimir Zabelin, Nina A. Speranskaya, Suxia Liu, 1996. Modeling and Remote Sensing of Regional Scale Soil Moisture Variations in Asia. Suppl. to EOS, Transaction, AGU, Western Pacific Geophysics Meeting, Vol.77, No 22, W34.
16. Vinnikov, Konstantin Ya., Alan Robock, Jared Entin, Vladimir Zabelin, Nina A. Speranskaya, and Suxia Liu, 1996: Regional scale variations of soil moisture. Preprint Volume, Second International Conference on the Global Energy and Water Cycle (GEWEX, Washington, DC), 176-177.
17. Robock, Alan, Konstantin Ya. Vinnikov, Jared Entin, and C. Adam Schlosser, 1996: Evaluation of multi-year regional scale simulations of soil moisture, Preprint Volume, Second International Conference on the Global Energy and Water Cycle (GEWEX, Washington, DC), 39-40.
18. Yang, Zong-Liang, Robert E. Dickinson, Alan Robock and Konstantin Ya. Vinnikov, 1996: On validation of the snow sub-model of the Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme with Russian snow cover and meteorological observational data, Preprint Volume, Second International Conference on the Global Energy and Water Cycle (GEWEX, Washington, DC), 509-510.
19. Robock, Alan, and Konstantin Ya. Vinnikov, 1997: Global soil moisture data set from gravimetric observations for evaluation of satellite-based remote sensing of soil moisture. Applications of Remote Sensing in Hydrology, G. W. Kite, A. Pietroniro, and T. J. Pultz, Eds., (National Hydrological Research Institute, Saskatoon, Canada), 311.
20. Vinnikov, Konstantin, Alan Robock, Nina A. Speranskaya, and Vladimir Zabelin, 1997: Soil moisture data sets. GEWEX News, 7, No. 2, 8-11.
21. Entin, Jared, Alan Robock, and Konstantin Vinnikov, 1997: Observed Spatial and Temporal Scales of Soil Moisture Variations in the Extratropics. Suppl. to EOS, Transactions, AGU, 78, No. 46, p. F266.
22. Vinnikov, Konstantin, Alan Robock, Shuang Qiu, and Manfred Owe, 1997: Soil Moisture Monitoring Using SMMR Microwave Observations Calibrated With in Situ Soil Moisture Observations from Illinois, USA. Suppl. to EOS, Transactions, AGU, 78, No. 46, p. F285.
23. Robock, Alan, and Konstantin Vinnikov, 1997.: Evaluating Soil Moisture Modeling. World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). GEWEX Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP). Abstracts for Poster Session. 1600-1930. 5 November 1997. UCAR/NCAR MESA Lab. Boulder, CO., p.
24. 32.Vinnikov, Konstantin, Alan Robock, Jared Entin, and Shuang Qiu, 1997: Scales of Soil Moisture Variability and Remote Sensing. World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). GEWEX Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP). Abstracts for Poster Session. 1600-1930. 5 November 1997. UCAR/NCAR MESA Lab. Boulder, CO., p. 40.
25. Robock, Alan, Konstantin Vinnikov, Jared Entin, and A. Namkhai, 1998: The Mongolian Soil Moisture Data Set, and its Application to Observed Trends and Scales of Soil Moisture Variations in Asia. American Meteorological Society, Ninth Symposium on Global Change Studies, 11-16 January, 1998, Phoenix, Arizona, p. 99.
26. Vinnikov, Konstantin, and Alan Robock, 1998: The Role of Natural Variability in Observed Global and Regional Climatic Trends. American Meteorological Society, Ninth Symposium on Global Change Studies, 11-16 January, 1998, Phoenix, Arizona, p. 241.

GRANTS:

1. NOAA, NA90AADAC804, "Analysis and Modeling of Soviet Soil Moisture Data," September 1, 1990 - August 31, 1992, $130,000 (PIs: Alan Robock and Konstantin Vinnikov.)

2. NOAA, Climate and Global Change Program, NA36GPO311, "Analysis and Modeling of the Hydrological Cycle Using Russian Data," August 1, 1993 - July 31, 1995, $290,000. (PIs: Alan Robock and Konstantin Vinnikov.)

3. NASA, NCC5-55, "Joint Center for Earth System Science", October 1, 1993-September 30, 1995, My part $125,000 (PI: Robert Hudsen.)

4. NOAA, Climate and Global Change Program, NA56GPO212, "Midlatitude Land Surface Processes: Modeling and Analysis in Support of GCIP Using American, Russian, and Chinese Data," May 1, 1995 - April 30, 1999, $445,000. (PIs: Alan Robock and Konstantin Vinnikov.)

*5. NASA Mission to Planet Earth, NAGW5227, "Global Soil Moisture Data Set From Satellite and Gravimetric Observations for Climatic Studies and Evaluation of the Hydrological Aspects of Climate Models," July 1, 1996 - May 31, 1998, $97,300. (PIs: Konstantin Vinnikov and Alan Robock.)

*6. NASA Mission to Planet Earth, NAG-55161, "Global Soil Moisture Data Set From Satellite and Gravimetric Observations for Climatic Studies and Evaluation of the Hydrological Aspects of Climate Models," July 15, 1997 - July 14, 1998, $100,000. (PIs: Konstantin Vinnikov and Alan Robock.)

*7. NOAA Climate and Global Change Program, NA66GPO438, "Limits of Natural Variations in Global and Regional Climate as Compared to Observed Climatic Trends," August 1, 1996 - August 31, 1998, $150,000. (PIs: Konstantin Vinnikov and Alan Robock.)

* Current grants.

March 16, 1998