AOSC / CHEM 433 & AOSC / CHEM 633 Atmospheric Chemistry & Climate

Instructor: Ross Salawitch

Grader: Heather Fettke von Koeckritz

Tues-Thurs, 2:00 to 3:15 pm, Atlantic 2428

Spring 2022: 3 units

Required Text:

            Chemistry in Context: Applying Chemistry to Society

                        7th edition, American Chemical Society

      Text can be purchased, rented from me for $20 (refunded upon return of book), or downloaded here.  I'll review how to open the PDF file, if downloaded, in class on 25 Jan 2022.

 

Syllabus

 

ELMS Course Page

 

Supplemental Text:

 

Global Warming: The Complete Briefing  (5th edition) by John Houghton

Paris Climate Agreement: Beacon of Hope by Ross J. Salawitch, Timothy P. Canty, Austin P. Hope, Walter R. Tribett, and Brian F. Bennett

Twenty Questions and Answers About the Ozone Layer by Ross J. Salawitch, David W. Fahey, Michaela I. Hegglin, Laura A. McBride, Walter R. Tribett, and Sarah J. Doherty

Beyond Oil and Gas: The Methanol Economy by George A. Olah, Alain Goeppert, and G. K. Surya Prakash

Green Chemistry: An Inclusive Approach, edited by Béla Török and Timothy Dransfield (graduate students will be assigned two chapters)

 

Readings from Supplemental Text will be assigned via password protected files posted below. 

Notes:

1) We will use the  7th edition of Chemistry in Context rather than the latest (9th edition) because of student cost (there are hundreds of used copies of the 7th edition available on Amazon for under $20; there is no used copy market for the 9th edition).  In addition, since Ross actually helped write the 7th edition, as noted on page xiv of the Preface, he is able to provide registered students access to an electronic version of the book, as will be discussed during the first class meeting.

 

2)  We will use Chapter 1 and a few other readings from Paris Climate Agreement: Beacon of Hope that Ross and his team wrote.  This book is available electronically, for free, via open access.  Hard copies can be purchased from various on-line venders for ~$45 to $60.  Students are welcome to use the free electronic version of the book for the class.

 

3)  We will attempt to record all lectures.  If the recording is successful, the link for "Video" in the table below will become "hot".  Students are expected to attend lecture in person, whenever possible.  We record lectures to assist students with occasional inability to attend class and to help students review lecture material, particularly for exam preparation.

 

1. Course Description

2. Course Schedule

3. Grade Policy

4. Admission Tickets

5. Additional Readings

6. Collaboration Policy

7. Office Hours

1. Course Description

The effects of human activity on atmospheric composition, focused on global warming, the carbon cycle, air pollution, and the ozone layer. Fundamentals of atmospheric chemistry (spectroscopy, kinetics, isotopic analysis, and biogeochemical cycles) are related to the modern understanding of climate change, air quality, and ozone depletion, based on resources such as satellite missions, field campaigns, and scientific assessments published by international agencies. We also examine how society’s future energy needs could be met in a manner with less impact on atmospheric composition than the present heavy reliance on combustion of fossil fuels.

The course is taught at a level appropriate for upper class undergraduate physical science majors and first year graduate students.

Pre-requisites: CHEM131 or CHEM135 or CHEM146 and MATH 241 or permission of the instructors.

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2. Schedule

Date

Lecture Topic

Required Reading

Admis. Tickets

Lecture Notes

Problem Sets*

Additional Readings

Learning

Outcome

01/25 Class Overview

No reading for first meeting

No AT

Lecture 0

Video

    No Quiz
01/27 Geological Evolution of Earth's Atmosphere

Paris Beacon of Hope

Sec 1.1, 1.2 (intro), and 1.2.1 (11.5 pages)

AT 1  

Lecture 1

Video

 

Ivany and Salawitch, Geology, 1993

NOVA: The Day The Dinosaurs Died

Quiz 1

02/01

Overview of Global Warming, Air Quality, & Ozone Depletion

IPCC 2007 FAQ

(1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, & 3.1)

(11 pages)

EPA AQI Brochure

(11 pages)

20 QAs Ozone (Q1, 2, 7, & 14)

(11 pages)

Paris Beacon of Hope Sec 1.2.2 (3 pages)

AT 2 

Lecture 2

Video

 

Catch-up Video

 

Kerr, Science, 2007*

Bell et al., EHP, 2006 *

Montzka et al., Nature, 2018

NY Times 31-Jan-2022 EPA Announcement

Naming Convention for CFCs & Halons

Warming Animation

ENSO Video

Entire IPCC 2007 FAQ

Entire 20 QAs Ozone

Quiz 2

02/03

Fundamentals of Earth's Atmosphere

Chemistry in Context:

Sections 1.0 to 1.3, 1.5 to 1.8, 1.14, 2.1, 3.6 & 3.7

 (~32 pgs)

McElroy, Effective Temperature & The Concept of Geostrophy

(4 pages)

AT 3

Lecture 3

Video

 

McElroy, Adiabatic Motion in the Vertical *

 Houghton, Ch 2

Quiz 3  

002/08

Climates of the Past

Chemistry in Context, Sec 2.2, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2

(14 pages)

Houghton, Ch 4

(pgs 77-84)

Paris Beacon of Hope Sec 1.1 (these 7 pages had been assigned for Lecture 1; please review)

AT 4  

Lecture 4

Video

 

Chylek & Lohmann, GRL, 2008 *

IPCC 2007 FAQ

(questions 6.1, 6.2)

 

Parrenin et al., Science, 2013

 

Press release for Sept 2020 paper

Quiz 4 

02/10

Global Carbon Cycle

Chemistry in Context, Sec 3.5, 4.0, 4.1, 6.5

(8 pages)

Houghton, Pg 33-46

Paris Beacon of Hope Sec 1.2.3.2 (8 pages)

AT 5   

Lecture 5

Video

 

 

IPCC 2007, Section 7.3.4.1 & Box 7.3 *

 

Doney, Ocean Acidification, Scientific American, March 2006

 

Global Carbon Project

Quiz 5

02/15

Biogeochemical Cycles of CHand N2O

Chemistry in Context, Sec 3.8 & Sec 6.9

(8 pages)

Houghton, Pg 46-50

Paris Beacon of Hope Sec 1.2.3.3 & 1.2.3.4

(5 pages)

Nature CH4 Summary published 8 Feb 2022

AT 6

 

Lecture 6

Video 

Problem Set 1  due today:

433 & 633 

633 only

Kirschke et al., 2013 *

Kort et al., 2014

Saunois et al., 2019

Quiz 6 
02/17 Radiative Forcing

Chemistry in Context, Sec 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 3.3

& 3.4

(14 pages)

Paris Beacon of Hope Sec 1.2 (intro), 1.2.1 (please review), & 1.2.3.6

(8 pages)

AT 7 

Lecture 7

Video

 

Green Chemistry, Chapter 3.4 (Sections 3.4.4.1 to 3.4.4.4 provide a nice mathematical complement to the lecture material)

 

Myhre et al., GRL, 1998

 

Bera et al., JPC, 2009

Quiz 7  

02/22

Modeling Earth's Climate: Water Vapor, Aerosol, Cloud, & Albedo Feedbacks

Chemistry in Context, Sec 3.9

(6 pages)

Houghton, pg 105-116

AT 8 

Lecture 8

Video

 

Bony et al., 2006

McBride et al., 2021

Quiz 8 

Wed

02/23

6:30 pm

Review of Problem Set #1

ATL 2428 (regular room)

  Video      
02/24

Consequences of Climate Change

Chemistry in Context,

Sec 3.10

(5 pages)

 

Forbes Article

 

No AT

Lecture 9

Video

Problem Set 2 due today at midnight:

Single Assignment, All Students

Union of Concerned Scientists

Climate Reality Project

Climate Change and Disease

Wildfires and Climate Change

NY Times, Bangladesh

NY Times, Kiribati

No Quiz
03/01

Review of Problem Set #2 as well as Lectures 1 to 8 in preparation for

 First Exam

  No AT

Review A

Video

    No Quiz
03/03

First Exam:

Will cover Lectures 1 to 8, all required readings, as well as concepts that underlie Problem Sets 1 & 2

433 students are responsible for the material covered in Lectures 1 to 8, the material in Chapter 1 of Paris Beacon of Hope (minus Section 1.2.3.5 and the Methods section; 31 pages) and the other readings from Chemistry in Context, Houghton, plus the IPCC, EPA, and 20 QAs Ozone readings assigned for Lecture 2.

633 students are responsible for all of the 433 readings (detailed to the left) plus all of the Additional Reading items marked above with an asterisk

03/08

 

Review of First Exam

and

Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry

Chemistry in Context,

Sec 2.0, 2.1, 2.3, & 2.6

(10 pages)

No AT

 

Lecture 10

Video

    Quiz 10  

03/10

Introduction to Photolysis

Chemistry in Context,

Sec 2.7

(5 pages)

20 QAs Ozone (Q16)

(3 pages)

Section 2.4 and 2.5 of Warneck, Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere

(16 pages. Challenging material that will be tough sledding for some; read as best you can)

AT 11

Please consider completing this Student Survey

Lecture 11

Video

 

 

Quiz 11

03/15 Introduction to Chemical Kinetics Chemistry in Context,

Sec 4.6

(4 pages)

Yung & DeMore, Photochemistry of Planetary Atmospheres,Ch 3

(please read up to start of Section 3.7; 18 pages. Again, challenging material; read as best you can).

 

AT 12  

Lecture 12

Video

 

NASA-JPL 2019 Rate Constant and Cross Section Compendium

Quiz 12 
03/17

Pollution of Earth's Troposphere:

   Surface Ozone

Chemistry in Context, Sec 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.9, 1.10, 1.11, 1.12, 1.15 & Conclusion, and 4.3

(26 pages)

AT 13

Lecture 13

Video

Paper Description, 633 students

Green Chemistry, Chapter 3.2 (all but Sections 3.2.4 & 3.2.5)*

NASA Aura Satellite Video

Quiz 13

Spring Break: be safe and enjoy !
03/29

Pollution of Earth's Troposphere:

   Acid Rain & Aerosols

Chemistry in Context, Sec 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.6, 6.7, 6.10, 6.11, 6.12, 6.13, 6.14 & Conclusion

(27 pages)

 

Aerosols and COVID-19

Please watch first 7 min, 10 sec

AT 14  

Lecture 14

Video

  Green Chemistry, Chapter 3.2 (Sections 3.2.4 & 3.2.5)*

Interesting video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBo2PSF2Pvg 
 

Quiz 14

03/31

Pollution of Earth's Stratosphere:

   Mid-Latitude Ozone Depletion

Chemistry in Context, Sec 2.8, 2.9

(7 pages)

20 QAs Ozone (Q3, 5 to 8, 12 to 15)

(27 pgs; Q7 & Q14 had also been assigned for Lecture 2, so there are 21 pgs of new material)

AT 15

 

Lecture 15

Video

Catch-up Video

 

Green Chemistry, Chapter 3.3 (Sections 3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3, and 3.3.5)*

Entire 20 QAs Ozone

Video 1 (only 11:15 to 14:00 shown in class)

Video 2 (only 0:40 to 1:30 shown in class)

Quiz 15

04/05

Pollution of Earth's Stratosphere:

   Polar Ozone Depletion

Chemistry in Context, Sec 2.10, 2.11, 2.12 &

2.13 (Conc) (9 pages)

20 QAs Ozone (Q9, 10, & 11)

(12 pages)

AT 16

Lecture 16

Video

 

Green Chemistry, Chapter 3.3 (Section 3.3.4)*

Manney et al., 2011

Arctic Ozone 2020

von der Gathen et al., 2021

 

Video 1 (only 35:15 to 36:40 shown in class)

 

Video 2 (only 0:35 to 2:56 shown in class)

 

Video 3 (I could listen to this swoosh of the NASA ER-2 takeoff all day long!)

 

Video 4 (only 0:04 to 0:24

shown in class;

please watch rest of this video)

Quiz 16

04/07

Pollution of Earth's Stratosphere:

   Ozone Recovery and Chemistry/Climate   

   Interactions

20 QAs Ozone (Q20)

(4 1/4 pages)

 

No AT

Lecture 17

Video

Problem Set 3, 433 & 633, due Fri, 8 April

Problem Set 3, 633 only,due Sat, 9 April

Chapter 3.3, Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Recovery (Section 3.3.6)*

Revell et al., 2012

Dhomse et al., 2018

Quiz 17

04/12

Review of Problem Set 3 and Lectures 10 to 17 in preparation for the

 Second Exam

No Reading

No AT

Review B

Video

    No Quiz
04/14

Second Exam:

Will cover first Lectures 10 to 17 and concepts that underlie Problem Set 3

433 students are responsible for the material covered in Lectures 10 to 17 and all associated readings.  Please note the focus of this exam will be Lectures 10 to 17: it is possible there could be some element of the exam that covers a concept introduced in the first 9 lectures.

633 students are responsible for all of the 433 readings (as detailed to the left) plus all of the Additional Reading items marked above with an asterisk

04/19

Kyoto Protocol, Paris Climate Agreement, Fossil Fuel Reserves, World Energy Needs, and The Need for Renewable Energy

Chemistry in Context,

Sections 3.11,

4.2, 4.4 & 4.5, 4.11 & 4.12 (Conclusion)

(23 pages)

Paris Beacon of Hope (Ch 3)

Paris Beacon of Hope (Ch 4)

 Sections 3.1, 4.1, and 4.2

(14 pages)

AT 18

Lecture 18

Video

 

Peak Oil Wikipedia

Pacala & Socolow, 2004

IPCC 2007 FAQ (question 10.3)

Work Energy Outook Executive Summary, 2021

Quiz 18

04/21 Renewable Energy I: Solar, Hydro and Wind

Chemistry in Context,

Sec 8.7, 8.8 & 8.9 (Conc) (11 pages)

Olah, Sec 8.1 to 8.5

AT 19 

Lecture 19

Video

 

Wind: NREL

Wind: Forbes

Hydro: Grand Coulee Dam

Solar: Univ Park Community Solar

Quiz 19 
04/21 7:30 pm  

Review of Second Exam

  Video      

04/26

Renewable Energy II: Biofuels, Ethanol and Algae

Chemistry in Context,

Sec 4.9, 4.10

(7 pages)

 

Olah, Sec 8.6

(13 pages)

 

McElroy, The Ethanol Illusion

(4 pages)

AT 20

Lecture 20

Video

 

Wigmosta et al., WRR, 2011

BECCS

Quiz 20
04/28 Fracking Fracking Debate: Please read main page plus at least one "no" and one "yes" position statement in response to "is fracking a good idea?"

Howarth, 2014

please read the "Introduction" as well as the section entitled "How Much Methane is Emitted by Natural Gas Systems"

AT 21 

Lecture 21

Video

 

Allen et al., 2013

Schneising et al., 2014

Quiz 21  
05/03 Nuclear Energy & The Hydrogen Economy

Chemistry in Context, Chapter 7 (except for Secs 7.2 & 7.6) as well as Section 8.6

Olah, Sec 9.3 to 9.6

AT 22  

Lecture 22

Video

Catch-Up Video

Problem Set, 433 only, due today

Chemistry in Context,

Sec 7.2 & 7.6

 

Olah, Sec 8.8 (Intro), 8.8.1 & 8.8.2

Quiz 22
05/05 Geo-engineering of Climate

Crutzen GeoEng Essay

IEEE GeoEng Overview

AT 23

Lecture 23

Video

633 Paper Due

Tilmes et al., 2008

Quiz 23
05/10 Class Review: Preparation for Final Exam No Reading

No AT

Final Review

Video

    No Quiz
Mon

5/16

10:30 am

Final Exam:

Will cover all lectures, assigned readings, and concepts that underlie the Problem Sets

433 students are responsible for the material covered in Lectures 1 to 23 and all associated readings.  Please note this exam will be designed to cover the entire course in a somewhat broad, comprehensive manner.

633 students are responsible for all of the 433 readings (as detailed to the left)

plus the Additional Readings marked with asterisks

  Problem sets due on the date listed

* Reading required for students enrolled in AOSC / CHEM  633

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3. Grade Policy

The overall grades will be based on problems sets (30%), admission tickets (30%), two in-class exams (13.33%) each, and the final exam (13.34%). In addition, students enrolled in AOSC / CHEM 633 are required to write a research paper that is 5 to 8 pages long (single spaced; length does not include figures or references) on a topic of their choosing related to the material covered in class.  Grade on the paper will be factored into their overall grade at a proportion equal to the weight of each exam (i.e. for graduate students, each exam and the paper will be worth 10% each of the overall grade). Students enrolled in 633 may also have an extra question on various problem sets.

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4. Admission Tickets

To encourage completion of the reading assignments prior to class, there is an admission ticket to be completed on ELMS prior to the the start of each class (with the exception of the first lecture). The admission ticket (AT) is a short series of questions drawn from the reading. Each ticket will be graded in a prompt manner. The lowest three AT scores will be dropped. The overall AT grade counts 30% towards the final course grade.  The ATs require a considerable amount of effort, reflected in the 30% weight towards the final grade.

In many cases, the answer(s) to the admission ticket question(s) will be worked into the lecture. Hence, the requirement that admission ticket solutions be complete in prior to the start of lecture. Late submissions of admission ticket solutions are not accepted unless there is an exceptional circumstance. Again, these questions are designed to motivate completion of the assigned reading prior to lecture, which is an important component of learning.

Admission tickets will be posted on this website at least 24 hours prior to the start of each lecture. If an admission ticket for a particular lecture is not posted by 2 pm the day prior to a particular lecture, there will be no admission ticket for that class. Also, if an item other than an admission ticket link appears in the admission ticket column for a particular lecture, there will no admission ticket for that class meeting.

Please remember to hit the ''refresh'' button to see the latest version of this website each time you visit, as we intend to update the website file frequently during the course.

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5. Additional Readings

Additional readings are provided for many lectures. This material is provided to allow interested students to read further about a particular topic. The material in these additional readings will not form the sole basis of any exam question, nor will this material be of purposeful advantage for the successful completion of the problem sets. However, learning of the course material will be enhanced for those with time to complete the additional readings.

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6. Collaboration Policy

We encourage reliance on the assigned reading and discourage use of search engines for the completion of the Admission Ticket questions.  At the same time, we also understand the utility of search engines and understand they provide a useful resource. Regardless, the material you turn in for Admission Tickets and Problem Sets should reflect your understanding of the material and only your work. We encourage discussion among classmates of general course concepts, but details of how to answer particular admission ticket or problem set questions is not meant to be a group effort among classmates. Rather, you are strongly encouraged to interact with Ross for help in answering Admission Ticket or Problem Set questions. After material has been returned, you are welcome to discuss solutions with other students. Also, it is fine to prepare for the exams by discussing class material with other students. We take care to change admission ticket, problem set, and exam questions every year, in part to keep material fresh but also to discourage any benefit to students who have access to material passed down from prior years.

Simply put: it is not permissible to copy solutions for Admission Tickets and Problem Sets from other students or from files for this class maintained by prior students. Exam questions for this class will not be a repeat of questions from prior exams.

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7. Office Hours

Office Hours:

Ross: By appointment; please send an email to arrange

Also, please note:

Just prior to class is generally not a good time for interacting with Ross, because he is typically focused on preparing for that day's lecture.

 

Just after class on Thursdays is also not ideal, sorry to state, because the AOSC Dept seminar is held each Thurs at 3:30 pm.

Ross does strive to be accessible throughout the semester. Please email him to set up a time to meet via Zoom, which is a super-convenient way to connect.

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Website last updated on Tuesday, 10 May 2022