Optional Readings
The Discovery of Global
Warming
A fascinating history of how scientists came to (partly) understand
what people are doing to cause climate change by Spencer Weart,
director
of the Center for History of Physics, American Institute of
Physics
Much more material freely available online than the book at:
http://www.aip.org/history/climate/
NSDL classic articles on global warming
Selection of articles, with essays describing the main findings of
these milestone works by science historian James Fleming
The Classic Articles in Context (CAC) project of the National Science
Digital Library seeks to integrate important works of scientific
inquiry into dynamic learning spaces for teachers and learners...
http://wiki.nsdl.org/index.php/PALE:ClassicArticles/GlobalWarming
Possible reading topics:
1. Uncertainties in land-use estimate
and implication for the missing carbon sink:
DeFries
Houghton
... and other refs in the Houghton chapter
2. Atmopsheric inversion of CO2
sources and sinks (focus on the mean over a period of time and global
scale); Northern Hemisphere sink
P. P. Tans, I. Y. Fung, T. Takahashi, Science 247, 1431
(1990).
K. R. Gurney et al., Nature 415, 626
(2002).
Roedenbeck, C., S. Houweling, M. Gloor, and M.
Heimann (2003), CO2 flux history 1982–2001 inferred
from atmospheric data using a global inversion of atmospheric
transport, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1919–1964.
Joint ocean-atmosphere inversion (New)
Jacobson et al. 2006
3. What caused glacial-interglacial
CO2 change?
Reviews: Broecker and
Peng 1998
Archer et al., 2000
Newer ideas: Zeng 2003
Toggweiler et
al. 2005
Paillard and Perinin 2005
4. Combination of mechanisms
responsible for the missing carbon sink using bottom-up approach
Review:
Sarmiento, J.L. and N.
Gruber. Sinks for anthropogenic carbon, Physics Today, 55(8),
30-36,
2002.
J. P. Caspersen et al., Science 290,
1148 (2000).
W. H. Schlesinger, J. Lichter, Nature 411,
466
(2001).
S. W. Pacala et al., Science 292,
2316 (2001).
G. C. Hurtt et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 1389
(2002).
Other refs from Sarmiento and Gruber
5. How did we figure out the
anthropogenic ocean carbon sink?
6. Novel techniques useful for distinguishing land vs. ocean sink
O2/N2 (Keeling et al.)
C13
References:
The 'missing' carbon sink:
Reviews:
Sarmiento, J.L. and N.
Gruber. Sinks for anthropogenic carbon,Physics Today, 55(8),
30-36,
2002.
Houghton, R., 2003: chapter in Biogeochemistry, Schlesinger (Ed.).
Field, C., 2003
Bottom-up
J. P. Caspersen et al., Science 290,
1148 (2000).
W. H. Schlesinger, J. Lichter, Nature 411,
466
(2001).
S. W. Pacala et al., Science 292,
2316 (2001).
G. C. Hurtt et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 1389
(2002).
Inferred from atmospheric CO2 measurements (top-down approach)
P. P. Tans, I. Y. Fung, T. Takahashi, Science 247, 1431
(1990).
K. R. Gurney et al., Nature 415, 626
(2002).
Roedenbeck, C., S. Houweling, M. Gloor, and M.
Heimann (2003), CO2 flux history 1982–2001 inferred
from atmospheric data using a global inversion of atmospheric
transport, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1919–1964.
Joint ocean-atmosphere inversion
Jacobson et al.
Uncertainty in land use
DeFries
Houghton
... and other ref in the Houghton chapter
Interannual variability
Atmosphere
Bacastow, R. B. (1976), Modulation of
atmospheric carbon dioxide by the Southern Oscillation,
Nature,
261, 116–118.
Keeling, C. D., T. P. Whorf, M. Wahlen, and J.
Vanderplicht (1995), Interannual extremes in the rate of rise of
atmospheric carbon dioxide since 1980,
Nature,
375, 666–670.
Roedenbeck, C., S. Houweling, M. Gloor, and M.
Heimann (2003), CO
2 flux history 1982–2001 inferred
from atmospheric data using a global inversion of atmospheric
transport,
Atmos. Chem. Phys.,
3, 1919–1964.
Peylin, P., P. Bousquet, C. Le Quéré,
S. A. Sitch, P. Friedlingstein, G. McKinley, N. Gruber, P. Rayner, and
P. Ciais (2005), Multiple constraints on regional CO
2
flux variations over land and oceans,
Global
Biogeochem. Cycles, GB1011, doi:10.1029/2003GB002214
Land
Zeng,
N., A. Mariotti, and P. Wetzel (
2005),
Terrestrial mechanisms of interannual CO2 variability,
Global Biogeochem. Cycles,
19, GB1016,
doi:10.1029/2004GB002273.
McGuire, A. D., et al. (2001), Carbon balance
of the terrestrial biosphere in the twentieth century: Analyses of CO
2,
climate,
and land use effects with four process-based ecosystem models,
Global Biogeochem. Cycles,
15(1),
183–206
Ocean
Le Quéré, C., et al. (2003),
Two decades of ocean CO
2 sink and variability,
Tellus,
B55(2), 649–656.
Wetzel,
P., A. Winguth, and E. Maier-Reimer (
2005),
Sea-to-air CO2
flux from 1948 to 2003: A model study,
Global Biogeochem. Cycles,
19, GB2005,
doi:10.1029/2004GB002339.
Fire
van der Werf, G. R., et al. (2004), Continental-scale
partitioning of fire emissions during the 1997 to 2001 El
Niño/La Niña period,
Science,
303, 73–76.
Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
Page, S. E., et al. (2002), The amount of
carbon released from peat and forest fires in Indonesia during 1997,
Nature,
420, 61–65.
- Drought
Drier summers cancel out the CO2 uptake enhancement induced by warmer
springs.
- A. Angert, S. Biraud, C. Bonfils, C. C. Henning, W. Buermann, J.
Pinzon, C. J. Tucker, and I. Fung (2005).
PNAS 102: 10823-10827 | Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
Zeng N., H. Qian,
C. Roedenbeck, M. Heimann (2005), Impact of 1998–2002
midlatitude drought and warming on terrestrial ecosystem and the global
carbon cycle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L22709, doi:10.1029/2005GL024607.
[Abstract+Article]
Ciais 2005: European heatwave in 2003.
- Carbon Climate feedback
Evolution of carbon sinks in a changing climate.
- I. Y. Fung, S. C. Doney, K. Lindsay, and J. John (2005).
PNAS 102: 11201-11206 | Abstract »
| Full Text »
| PDF »
Greening of the North: carbon
source or sink?
Lucht, W., I. C. Prentice, R. B. Myneni, S. Sitch,
P. Friedlingstein, W. Cramer, P. Bousquet, W. Buermann, and B. Smith
(2002), Climatic control of the high-latitude vegetation greening trend
and Pinatubo effect, Science, 296, 1687–1689.[CrossRef]